Oil burner



4Patented oct. 21, 1941y 2,259,743

y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OIL BURNER Harold H. Fletcher, Story ity,Iowa Application March 9, 1938, Serial No. 194,872

claims. (c1. 15s-91j;

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners, and particularlyof that type adapted to'be placedin small heating or cooking stoves suchas are used for domestic heating or cookprojecting annular flange I5,said ange being inclined slightly upward. The inner edge of the notcomplete, and a smoky flame resulted, which ,j

tended 'to smoke up the interior of the heating stove, and also aconsiderable loss in fuel resulted. It is, therefore, the object of myinvention to provide'v an improved burner construction wherein the airand gases of combustion will be' more uniformly' mixed and bettercombustion obtained. ,l

A further object is to provide means for delivering into the generatedgases 'of an oil burner -a certain percentage" of heated rair in such -amannerA` as to avoidcurrents of cold air intermixing ,yvithv theunburned gases, wherein the combustion will be V'more complete and asaving in fuel realized. K v' My invention consists in the construction,arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device, wherebythe objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully setforth, 4pointed'out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Figure l is a vertical central sectional view of a heater showing myimproved burner therein.

Figure 2 is a diagrammatical view of my improved burner illustrated indotted lines, and

auxiliary means for further increasing the mixing effects between thegases and the incoming air, said auxiliary means being shown in solidlines.

Figure 3 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken on the line 3-3 ofFigure 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged detail sectional view taken on the line 4-4 ofFigure 3.

I have used the' numeral I0 to indicate the walls of a heater enclosingthe combustion chamber II, the numeral I2 indicating the casing surfrounding -the heater. Supported in the bottom end ofthe' chamber II ismy improved burner comprising a bottom I3 and an upright side wall I 4,the-wall I4 being preferably of cylindrical ange I5 is provided with acylindrical shell I6 ine and of the type employing a fire bowl in 5 toform the burner throat.

which the oil is admitted to the bottom of the spaced above the fiangeI5 is a second flange bowl and evaporated and vga'sified by tempera- I'Iso as to provide what I shall term a pre-heat- 4tures produced by thecombustion of the fuel. ingv chamber I8 between the two flanges. The- Inthis type 0f burner the fuel. Whenvaporized upper end of the wall I4 isprovided with an anand gasfled. iS burned With a'. rich mixture S0 aS 10nular plate I9 spaced above the plate I1 to form t0 produce a IOYIS andyellOW flame eXtending 11D- a second or super pre-heating chamber 20.lThe Wardly through the throat 0f the lire bowl into wall I4 is providedwith a number of rows of the combustion chamber 0f the'heateropenings 2Ifor permitting air -to enter through One deulty heretofore experiencedWith this the space 22 provided between the 'walls I4 and f type ofburner has been that combustion was 15 the'wan I0, the said space beingopen at its bottom end and closed at its top end by the outer edge ofthe plate I9. Immediately beneath the flange I5 is a row of openings 23which are considerably smaller than the openingsV 2| and placed closetogether. y

n Formed in the flange I5 nearits outer edge is 'a circular row ofopenings 24, each of the openings 24 being -preferably in radialalignment with a corresponding opening 23, as clearly indicated inFigure 3. The wall I4 is also provided with a row of openings 25communicating with the chamber I8. A row of openings 26 is also pro-vvided communicating with the chamber 20. lThe opening 21 in the plate I9is preferably slightly larger than the top of the shell I6 and spacedslightly above it so as to provide a4 passage 2B from the chamber 20 tothe combustion cham- `ber `I I.- The usual smokestack 2$is provided inthe upper end of the wall I0, and a fuel pipe 30 is provided fordelivering liquid fuel to the upper surface of the bottom member I3.

The operation of my burner is substantially as follows: v

`Liquid fuel, such asdistillate, is permitted to flow to the uppersurface of the bottom member I3, where rit is ignited and allowed toburn untily a considerable amount of temperature has been sulting inlong smoky and irregular flames protruding inwardly from each of saidopenings and upwardly through the throat II.` 'I'hese irregular flamesresult from an improper mixture of air and gases. It will readily beseen that a liquid fuel in the bottom of the body or container tends torise in clouds 'of rich gases intermingling through and between currentsof cold air entering the openings 2|, resulting in a considerable amountof gases passing upwardly through the combustion chamber into the stackA29 without being burned. On account of the uneven mixture of fuel gasesand air a considerable amount of noise results due to miniatureexplosions of that portion of the gas and air properly mixed to supportan instantaneous combustion, while other portions or clouds of themixture are toorich, and still other portions too thin, to supportcombustion. 'I'he above conditions as set forth are those resulting froma burner construction having air openings improperly proportioned andarranged. I have found by experimenting that by adding the row ofopenings 23 of comparatively small diameter and arranged closelytogether so as to feed small jets or streams of air into the generatingchamber below the bale plate I5, and in addition therewith introducingjets of downwardly projecting air against the said incoming horizontaljets, the second jets of air being heated, that a more uniform mixtureis produced and the fuel made more combustible. Air entering theopenings 25 into the chamber I8 will become heated and ejected throughthe said openings 24 which are of such size that a comparatively highvelocity of air takes place as it isejected from said openings. 'I'hisair entering the generating chamber striking the jets of air enteringthe openings 23 .will cause the two jets of air to be broken up anddiifused and result in the downward and inward currents of airintermingling and mixing with the upward and inward currents of air andflames from the openings 2I.,.thereby producing a more uniform 2l,downwardly for better diffusion with the gases. and also tends toeliminate noise.

I claim as my invention: 1. An oil burner including a generating andmixing bowl having a cylindrical upright wall, the upper edge of saidwall being provided with an annular cover plate, a second annular platemixture resulting in clean hot flames passing upwardly through thethroat I6 and into the interior of the combustion chamber II. VAirentering the openings 26 into the upper pre-heating chamber will becomeheated and Ydischarged upwardly and inwardly and around said flamesthrough the throat I6, to produce excess heated air for completing' thecombustion of the heavier and slower burninggases.

Thus, it vwill be seen that I have provided a burner so constructed andarranged that liquid fuel may be delivered to the bottom of thegenerating chamber and become converted into vapors and gases havingmeans whereby air may be introduced so as to produce a long, yellow,clean flame in which the combustion is completed before the products ofcombustion enter the stack 29, resulting in a perceptible' saving in'the amount of fuel consumed, as well as in a burner which canXbe moreveasily controlled, wherein combustion will be complete regardless as towhether or not fuel is being fed in small quan-v titles or in largerquantities. In the use ofcertain kinds of fuel, and under certainchimney conditions wherein the draft is not uniform, it is sometimesdesirable to insert in the throat of the burner a downwardly extendingperforated cylinder 3|, as illustrated in Figure 2, said cylinder beingprovided with a large number of openings 32 so as to retard the rapidflow of fuel gases and air to the throat I6, in such a manner that theincoming pre-heated air from the openings 23 and 25 will better mix thegases and air before entering the burner throat. I nd that this cylinder3l' also tends to reduce the noise of the flame. y

On the under edge of the flange I5 I have pro--v within said wall andbeneath the cover plate, a third plate beneath the second plate, theinner edge of said third plate supporting an upwardly projecting wall toform a throat having its upper edge terminating near the inner edge ofthe cover plate to provide a narrow annular outlet passage from theheating chamber between the uppermost and second plates, a secondheating chamber being formed between the second and third plates, theouter wall of each of said heating chambers having an annular row ofhorizon tal openings to admit air to said chambers, the third placebeing provided with an annular row of vertical openings near its outeredge, the upright wall having a row of horizontal openings lbeneath thethird plate, each of the openings in the outer edge of the third platebeing in radial alignment with a corresponding horizontal opening ofthelast said row of openings wherein secondary air from the secondchamber and said aligned openings will be delivered downwardly andinwardly into the generating chamber at high velocities and in adiilused manner, and wherein air from the upper heating chamber will be.delivered upwardly from the upper edge of said throat into a combustionchamber above said throat.

2. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a fire bowl within the lower endof the casing, of smaller diameter to provide a space between them, theupper end of said nre bowl having a cover plate covering the upper endof said space and projecting inwardly at the upper end of said bowl todivide the casing into generating and combustion chambers, a secondannular plate.

. formed between the upper and second plates, a

second heating chamber being formed between the second and third plates.the outer wall of said nre bowl having Aannular rows of horizontal lopenings to admit air to said chambers, the third plate being providednear its outer edge with a row of vertical openings, the lwall of saidfire bowl having a row of horizontal openings beneath the third plate,each of the openings inf the outer edge of the third plate being inradial alignment with a corresponding one of the last said openings.wherein'secondary air from the second. chambersand said aligned openingswill be delivered downwardly and inwardly in said generating chamber athigh velocities and in a diffused manner, and wherein air from the upperheating chamber will be delivered upwardly from theupper edge of saidthroat into said combustion chamber.

3. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a fire,

bowl within the lower end of the casing of smaller diameter, the upperend of said fire bowl having an inwardly projecting flange-to form athroat and to divide the' casing into generating and combustionchambers, said inwardly projecting -ange bel-ing formed hollow toprovide upper and chamber being provided near its outer edge lwith a rowof openings, the wall of there bowl having a row of openings beneath thebottom oi the lower chamber, each of the openings of the outer edge ofsaid chamber being in ra'dialalign-l ment. with a corresponding one ofthe last said vertical openings near'its outer edge, the upright vwallhaving a row of horizontal openings beneath the third plate whereinsecondary air from the second chamber and said :aligned openings will.be delivered downwardly and inwardly into ,ithe generating chamber athigh velocities and in a' diiused manner, and wherein-air from the upperheating chamber will be delivered upwardly from the upper edge of saidthroat into a combustion chamber above said throat.

5. An oil burner, comprising a casing, a nre bowl within the lower endof the casing of smaller row of openings wherein secondary air from thef lower heating chamberwill be delivered downwardly and inwardly intothe generating chamber at high velocities and in a diii'used manner, theupper and inner corner ofthe upper heating chamber having a passagewherein 'heated air from the upper chamber willbe delivered upwardl'y ata point at the .upper end of saidthroatl into the combustion chamber.

d. An oil burner"J including a generating and mixing bowl having acylindrical upright wall, the upper edge of said wall being providedwith an annular cover plate, a 'second annular platel within said walland beneath the cover plate, a

third plate beneath the second plate, theinner edge of said third platesupporting an upwardly projecting wall to form a throat having its upperdiameter to -provide a space between said walls, the upper end of saidnre bowl having a 'cover plate covering the upper end of said space andprojecting inwardly atl the upper end of-4 s'aid 'bowl to divide thecasing intogenerating and Acombustion chambers, a second annular ,platehaving its upper edge terminating near the inner end of the cover plateto provide an annular edge terminating near the inner edge ofthe cover`plate 'to provide a narrow annular outlet passage from the heatingchamber between the upper-- most and second plates, a secondheating-cham-I ber being formed betweeny the second and third plates,the outer wall of each of said heatingplatebeing'provided with anannular row vof ,outlet from the heating chamber'formed between theupper and second plates, theoutex' Wall of said nre bowl having, annularrows of horizontal openings to admit air to said chamber, the saidsecond plate being 'provided near its outer edge with a row of verticalopenings, the wall of said fire bowl having a row of horizontalVopenings beneath the second plate, each of said openings being inradial alignment with 'a corresponding one of the last of said openingswherein secondary air from said Heating chamber and said alignedopenings will be delivered downwardly nd inwardly in said generatingchamber at high velocities and in a diiused manner.

HAROLD H..

